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Technical Whitepapers

In-depth insights into software architecture, best practices, and lessons learned from real production systems.

Whitepapers & Documents

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Why 80% of Microservices Cost More Than a Monolith

A practical analysis of when microservices make sense and when they do not. Based on real successes and failures in distributed systems architecture.

Topics: Microservices, Software Architecture, Cost Analysis, Scalability

Video Tutorials & Webinars

These videos are carefully curated external resources selected by Profectus Lab to help engineers understand modern AI and system design principles.

Let’s build GPT from scratch

A rare hands-on explanation of GPT internals, connecting theory with real code. Ideal for engineers who want to truly understand how modern LLMs are built.

Advanced
Andrej Karpathy ~1:56:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: AI, LLM, Neural Networks, Python, GPT

Large Language Models explained

A clean and structured introduction to LLMs. Perfect entry point before diving into architecture or implementation.

Beginner
DeepLearning.AI ~11:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: AI, LLM, Foundations

Machine Learning – Full Course

Builds correct mental models for machine learning. Focuses on understanding principles, not memorizing tools.

Beginner
Andrew Ng ~1:20:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: Machine Learning, AI Fundamentals

How Transformer-based LLMs work

A precise architectural explanation of transformers without oversimplification.

Intermediate
Sebastian Raschka ~32:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: Transformers, LLM, Model Architecture

Attention mechanism explained

Explains the core idea behind transformers in a focused and understandable way.

Intermediate
Sebastian Raschka ~17:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: Attention, Transformers, Neural Networks

Backpropagation clearly explained

Removes fear of math and builds genuine understanding of neural network training.

Beginner
StatQuest ~16:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: Backpropagation, Neural Networks, Math

Neural Networks explained

A perfect starting point for understanding how neural networks work conceptually.

Beginner
StatQuest ~20:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: Neural Networks, AI Basics

Machine Learning with Python (Full Course)

A comprehensive hands-on course focused on practical ML projects.

Intermediate
freeCodeCamp ~4:00:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: Machine Learning, Python, Projects

Transformers explained visually

Visual explanation that complements deeper technical materials.

Intermediate
Arxiv Insights ~14:00 YouTube (external)
Topics: Transformers, AI Research

Technical Whitepapers & In-Depth Architecture Guides

Free technical whitepapers covering software architecture, system design, microservices, performance optimization, and production best practices based on real-world engineering experience.

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Profectus Lab publishes in-depth technical whitepapers exploring real-world software architecture challenges, design decisions, and lessons learned from production systems at scale. These materials address the practical engineering problems that teams encounter when building, scaling, and maintaining complex software—not theoretical abstractions disconnected from industry realities.

Each whitepaper examines specific architectural patterns, technology trade-offs, and implementation strategies grounded in actual production experience. Topics range from distributed systems and microservices architecture to database design, API scalability, performance optimization, and the hidden costs of architectural choices that appear beneficial in theory but create maintenance and operational burdens in practice.

Our whitepapers serve engineers evaluating architectural decisions for their own systems—helping teams understand when popular patterns like microservices genuinely solve problems versus when they introduce unnecessary complexity. We analyze real costs, scalability implications, team capability requirements, and operational overhead that must be weighed against theoretical benefits.

The materials address both individual engineers strengthening their system design thinking and technical leaders making strategic architectural decisions. Each paper includes practical examples, cost analyses, implementation considerations, and clear guidance on which approaches work best in specific contexts—helping teams avoid costly architectural mistakes and build systems they can efficiently operate long-term.

Free access to all whitepapers reflects our commitment to advancing the engineering community. These materials represent accumulated insights from designing, deploying, and scaling production systems. Whether you're planning a major architectural migration, evaluating technology choices, or building architectural capability within your team, these whitepapers provide practical knowledge you can apply immediately to real engineering challenges.